【英文标准名称】:Medicalelectricalequipment-Part1-3:Generalrequirementsforbasicsafetyandessentialperformance-CollateralStandard:RadiationprotectionindiagnosticX-rayequipment(IEC60601-1-3:2008);GermanversionEN60601-1-3:2008
【原文标准名称】:医疗电气设备.第1-3部分:基本安全和重要性能的通用标准.附属标准:X射线诊断设备中的辐射防护(IEC60601-1-3-2008).德文版本EN60601-1-3-2008
【标准号】:EN60601-1-3-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2008-12
【实施或试行日期】:2008-12-01
【发布单位】:欧洲标准学会(EN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:事故预防;定义;测定;诊断;诊断设备;电器;电气工程;电医学;设备;特点;图形符号;电离辐射;文字书写;作标记;测量;测量技术;医疗设备;医疗放射照相术;医学科学;保护措施;辐射;辐射防护;辐射学;安全;安全装置;安全工程;安全要求;规范(验收);符号;测试;X射线仪;X射线设备;X射线
【英文主题词】:Accidentprevention;Adjustments;Applications;Attenuation;Control;Controls;Covers;Definitions;Determinations;Diagnosis;Diagnosticequipment;Diaphragms;Distances;Electricappliances;Electricalappliances;Electricalengineering;Electromedicine;Equipment;Expansion;Features;Filtering;Fixings;Graphicsymbols;Handles;Indications;Instructionsforuse;Instruments;Ionizingradiation;Letterings;Lightbeamlocalizer;Limitations;Marking;Measurement;Measuringtechniques;Medicalequipment;Medicalradiography;Medicalsciences;Notices;Operatingload;Paper;Partofadevice;Passages;Precision;Properties;Protection;Protectiveareas;Protectivemeasures;Radiation;Radiationprotection;Radiationquality;Radiointerferences;Radiography;Radiology;Receivers;References;Safety;Safetydevices;Safetyengineering;Safetyrequirements;Servicevoltage;Shields;Skin(body);Specification(approval);Standards;Stress;Symbols;Testing;X-rayapparatus;X-rayequipment;X-rays
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C43
【国际标准分类号】:11_040_50;13_280
【页数】:59P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforOn-LineMonitoringofTotalCarbon,InorganicCarboninWaterbyUltraviolet,PersulfateOxidation,andMembraneConductivityDetection
【原文标准名称】:通过紫外线、过硫酸盐氧化作用、膜导电位检测对水中总碳、无机碳在线监测的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD5997-1996(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.03
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:carbon;conductivity;inorganiccarbon;membrane;on-line;totalorganiccarbon;Carboncontent--water;Impurities--water;Inorganiccarbon(IC);Membraneconductivitydetection;Onlinemonitoring(inwateranalysis);Organiccarbon(OC);Totalorgan
【摘要】:Thistestmethodisusefulfordetectinganddeterminingorganicandinorganiccarbonimpuritiesinwaterfromavarietyofsourcesincludingindustrialwater,drinkingwater,andwastewater.Measurementoftheseimpuritiesisofvitalimportancetotheoperationofvariousindustriessuchaspower,pharmaceutical,semiconductor,drinkingwatertreatment,andwastetreatment.Semiconductorandpowerapplicationsrequiremeasurementofveryloworganiccarbonlevels(TOCx003C;1x03BC;g/L).ApplicationsinpharmaceuticalindustriesrangefromUSPpurifiedwater(TOCx003C;500x03BC;g/L)tocleaningapplications(500x03BC;g/Lx003C;TOCx003C;50000x03BC;g/L).Drinkingwatersrangefromx003C;100x03BC;g/Lto25000x03BC;g/Landhigher.Someoftheseapplicationsmayincludewaterswithsubstantialionicimpuritiesaswellasorganicmatter.Measurementofinorganiccarbonaswellastotalorganiccarbonishighlyimportanttosomeapplications,suchasinthepowerindustry.Continuousmonitoringandobservationoftrendsinthesemeasurementsareofinterestinindicatingtheneedforequipmentadjustmentorcorrectionofwaterpurificationprocedures.RefertoAnnexA1foradditionalinformationregardingthesignificanceofthistestmethod.1.1Thistestmethodcoverstheon-linedeterminationoftotalcarbon(TC),inorganiccarbon(IC),andtotalorganiccarbon(TOC)inwaterintherangefrom0.5x03BC;g/Lto50000x03BC;g/Lofcarbon.Highercarbonlevelsmaybedeterminedbysuitableon-linedilution.Thistestmethodutilizesultraviolet-persulfateoxidationoforganiccarboncoupledwithaCO2selectivemembranetorecovertheCO2intodeionizedwater.Thechangeinconductivityofthedeionizedwaterismeasuredandrelatedtocarbonconcentrationintheoxidizedsampleusingcalibrationdata.Inorganiccarbonisdeterminedinasimilarmannerwithouttherequirementforoxidation.Inbothcases,thesampleisacidifiedtofacilitateCO2recoverythroughthemembrane.TherelationshipbetweentheconductivitymeasurementandcarbonconcentrationcanbedescribedbyasetofchemometricequationsforthechemicalequilibriumofCO2,HCO3x2212;,H+,andOHx2212;,andtherelationshipbetweentheionicconcentrationsandtheconductivity.ThechemometricmodelincludesthetemperaturedependenceoftheequilibriumconstantsandthespecificconductancesresultinginlinearresponseofthemethodoverthestatedrangeofTOC.SeeTestMethodD4519foradiscussionofthemeasurementofCO2byconductivity.1.2Thistestmethodhastheadvantageofaveryhighsensitivitydetectorthatallowsverylowdetectionlevelsonrelativelysmallvolumesofsample.Also,theuseoftwomeasurementchannelsallowsdeterminationofICinthesampleindependentlyoforganiccarbon.IsolationoftheconductivitydetectorfromthesamplebytheCO2selectivemembraneresultsinaverystablecalibrationwithminimalinterferences.1.3Thistestmethodwasusedsuccessfullywithreagentwaterspikedwithsodiumcarbonateandvariousorganiccompounds.This......
【中国标准分类号】:Z16
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_50
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语